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2014年成人高考高起点英语语法归纳:代词三
时间: 2014年06月12日 来源:互联网 作者: 佚名 浏览:

   代词(三)

  内 容 提 要

  代词分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、关系代词和连接代词,它们在句子中承担不同的功用。

  不 定 代 词

  一、“every”(每一个)只作为定语使用,即必须在其后加上单数可数名词构成名词短语,它不可与everyone(每一个)混淆。 everyone相当于名词,它不可修饰其他名词,只作主语或宾语

  1) Every [A] knows that hospitals are institutions where the sick are treated, but how many [B] realize that they were once [C] homes for the indigent and the friendless [D] ?

  2) Everyone [A] child in the United States must [B] receive [C] some form of educational instruction [D] .

  例题解析

  1) A错。every不可单独充当句子成分,应在其后加上person或改为everyone.

  2) A错。改为Every,修饰child.

  二、“much”和“many”分别修饰不可数名词和可数名词,可作为代词(如much of)和形容词使用

  3) Food seasoning plays an important [A] role in the cooking [B] customs of much [C] cultures in [D] the world.

  4) The general sales tax has been [A] a major source of income for state governments, much [B] of which derive more than half [C] of their budgets from [D] it.

  5) Data received from [A] two spacecraft indicate that there is many evidence [B] that huge thunderstorms are now occurring [C] around the equator [D] of the planet Saturn.

  例题解析

  3) C错。应改为of many,因为被修饰词cultures为可数名词,故其修饰语应用many,而much要修饰不可数名词。

  4) B错。应改用many,因此处所指代的是可数名词governments(复数),many在本句中为代词,作非限定性定语从句的主语。

  5) B错。应改为much evidence,因为evidence(证据,迹象)为不可数名词,故应用much来修饰。

  三、 “some”和“any”是表示不定数量的代词,相当于汉语的“一些”,作定语可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,其中some(包括它的合成词something,someone, somebody)多用于肯定句,而any(包括它的合成词anything, anyone, anybody)则用于疑问句和否定句中,其中any在否定句中相当于汉语中的“任何”;形容词修饰something, someone, somebody, anything, anyone, anybody, nothing, nobody时,形容词要放在这些词的后边

  6) Historians [A] have never reached some general [B] agreement about [C] the precise causes of the [D] Civil War in the United States.

  例题解析

  6) B错。应为any general,因为本句为否定句(否定副词never),应该用any,此处表示“(没有达成过) 任何共识”。

  四、“another”和“other”分别表示“另外的一个”(an+other)和“另外的”“其余的”意思,可以用作定语修饰名词或单独作主语与宾语,其中前者只用来修饰或指代单数可数名词,后者修饰单复数名词和不可数名词,二者不能相互混淆

  7) Lizards lack [A] the builtin body temperature control [B] many another [C] creatures possess [D] .

  8) Some bacterium are extremely [A] harmful, but anothers [B] are regularly [C] used in producing cheeses, crackers, and many other foods [D] .

  9) Like [A] most another [B] art forms, the Greek tragedy had [C] its origins in religious [D] observances.

  例题解析

  7) C错。应改用other来修饰可数复数名词creatures.本句是一个省略了关系代词that(或which)的定语从句,control为名词作主句中及物动词(谓语)lack的宾语,同时又受其后面定语从句的修饰。

  8) B错。 改为others.

  9) B错。 改为other.

  五、one与other “one”作为代词代替前面提到的人或物,它前边加the; “other”作代词修饰复数名词。 “one…another”表示“一个…另一个”的意思,或表示多个(三者以上)之中的“另一个”,“又一个”; “one…the other”表示两者之中剩下的“另一个,又一个”

  10) I'd like to [A] buy a coat similar [B] to one [C] you are wearing [D] .

  11) Though [A] Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight [B] vision in another [C] , he became [D] an internationally renowned jazz musician.

  例题解析

  10) C错。改为to the one.

  11) C错。应用the other,因为此处表示两者之中的另一个,Art Tatum为人的名字,他只有两只眼睛,故提到“另一只”时应用the other.

  六、 “few”和“little”两者分别为“many”和“much”的反义词,表示“少,很少”的意思,有否定含义,即等于“几乎没有”,如若表示肯定的含义,则应在little和few前加不定冠词“a”,即变为“a few”和“a little”

 

 
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